... a clone of a human being would not amount to creating a "carbon copy"— an automaton of the sort familiar from science fiction. It would be more like producing a delayed identical twin. And just as identical twins are two separate people—biologically, psychologically, morally and legally, though not genetically—so a clone is a separate person from his or her non-contemporaneous twin. To think otherwise is to embrace a belief in genetic determinism—the view that genes determine everything about us, and that environmental factors or the random events in human development are utterly insigni ...

... a natural pond is also usually similar to the surrounding landscape. Sudden changes will look and feel forced. Simple shape pond shapes are best. Sharp curved edges or too many curves look artificial. Choose plants for the pond and its surroundings that make the pond look genuine. Plants at the water's edge are usually different from those found on the surroundings higher ground. Especially reminiscent of natural ponds are large plant's that leaves overhanging the water's edge, and plants with long thin, grassy foliage that grows in the shallows. These will all help to cover the water edge, which is almost never seen ...

... Bang was the start of time and space. The matter and radiation of that early stage rapidly expanded and cooled. Several million years later, it condensed into galaxies. The universe has continued to expand, and the galaxies have continued moving away from each other ever since. Today the universe is still expanding, as astronomers have observed. The Steady State model says that the universe does not evolve or change in time. There was no beginning in the past, nor will there be change in the future. This model assumes the perfect cosmological principle. This principle says that the universe is the same ...

... commonly see haloes-plate crystals, columns, capped columns and bullets. The most obvious halo is found around the sun. If the layer of cirrostratus is extensive, you'll see an entire ring. Within the layer of cloud, sunlight is striking and passing through the sides of randomly- oriented ice crystals. As the sunlight passes through each crystal, the light changes direction, or refracts. The radius of the hale depends on the amount of change in the direction of the sun's light. Usually this is 22 degrees. Since the sun is 1/2 of a degree across, the radius of the halo is 44 sun-widths. Occasionally you may s ...

... take up 43% of the surface of the earth and this new agriculture technique can be done in deserts. Hugo Boyko and Elisabeth Boyko first used seawater agriculture after World War II. Many different crops have been tested such as barley and the date palm. The writers of this article however have been testing halophytes, which, is a salt-tolerant plant that can be used for food, forage and oilseed crops. They first gathered several hundred halophytes and began testing these plants in the desert of Puerto Peñasco. They irrigated the plants daily by flooding the fields with seawater from the Gulf of California. ...

... DVD-ROMs look like CDs, but they hold far more information, anywhere from 4.7GB to 17GB, compared with a CD's 650MB. But DVD is more than just higher capacity, which is partly why things get so complicated. DVD is a critical element of PC/TV convergence, since it's a way to distribute movies with extended features such as user-selectable camera angles and multiple language support. Also, like CD's, there are writeable and rewriteable variations coming. DVD is just starting to make a significant impact on the market. Estimates vary from about 600,000 to 1,000,000 console players ("living room" boxes used strictl ...

... the Giraffe has neither these animal combinations. The way Giraffes give birth is standing up, they can even do it while sleeping. New born calves, which are baby giraffes, begin their lives by falling 6 feet to the ground. Usually a calve stands 6 feet tall and is able to stand after birth. They are highly attuned to danger thanks to their height and good sense of smell and eyesight. They can be fast and can reach speeds of up to 35 mph. Females spend over 12 hours a day looking, while males are less. Night mostly spent lying down ruminating, especially hours after dark and before dawn. A G ...

... presence of the drug/antibiotic chloramphenicol. A variety of OD readings were taken and calculations made to determine the number of cells present after a given time. Then two graphs were plotted, Number of cells per unit volume versus Time in minutes and Log of the number of cells per unit volume versus Time growth curve. The final cell concentration for the control was 619,500 cells/mL. Four media, after calculations, produced fewer cells than that of the control, these were: Chloramphenicol producing 89,3 01 cells/ml; glucose producing 411,951 cells/mL; lactose producing 477,441 cells/mL and finally pH 6.0 pr ...

... a second messanger, cyclic AMP. The cyclic AMP triggers the activation of adrenylyl cyclase. This communication would not be possible if not for the guanine nucleatides that allow the binding of the enzymes to occur. Not only does epinephrine trigger the chemical reactions by bonding to the guanine nucleotides, but they also trigger the production GDP by reducing GTP to its subserviant level. Not all effectors are triggered by simply hormones. Cells in the retinal area of the eye are triggered by photons that strike rhodopsin. When the rhodospin it activates the G protein, transductin, to travel to the effe ...

... neutrinos of 20 million electron voltes or less interact with matter. These neutrinos include low energy electrons that give off light and can be detected in pure water. are massive exploding giant stars. When the explosion occurs, the resulting illumination can be as bright as an entire galaxy. One of the most energetic explosive happenings known is a supernova. occur at the end of a stars lifetime, when its nuclear fuel is exhausted an it is no longer supported by the release of nuclear energy. If the star is particularly massive, then its core will collapse and in so doing will release a huge amount ...