... rusting: (1) alloying the iron so that it will be chemically resistant to corrosion which is the most satisfactory method of the three but also is the most expensive. A good example of this method is stainless steel. (2) Coating the iron with a material that will react with the corroding substances more readily than the iron does which leads it to protect the iron from corroding. This method is also satisfactory but is also expensive. The most common example of this method is galvanizing, in which iron is covered with zinc. (3) Covering iron with an air proof and also a water proof substance. This method is the ...

... are geographically separated and they adapt to their new habitats. They are reproductively isolated and soon they cannot interbreed, hence becoming a new species. Species “A� Geographically Isolated Permanent Isolation - Bodies of water - Mountain formation - Volcanic activity - Destruction by man New Species A good example of allopatric speciation is the differences between the common giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis), and the reticulated giraffe (Giraffa cameloparadalis reticula). These two subspecies have formed on different sides of the Tana River in Kenya. They are phenotypically distinct, a ...

... have had on people's lives. Long before there were scientific theories for the cause of earthquakes, people around the world created folklore to explain them. Until recent times, science has not had a complete understanding of how earthquakes are caused, and what can be done to predict when they will strike. This essay will discuss how earthquakes are formed and occur, how scientists can more accurately predict the arrival of earthquakes. Before contemplating how earthquakes might possibly be prevented, it is essential that the process and formation of and earthquake be understood. Earthquakes are c ...

... grids set up to determine differences between survival, growth, and reproduction in areas supplied with freshly cut white spruce (Picea glauca) and aspen (Populus tremuloides). Similar trends were obtained in all three areas: population size, survivorship, reproduction and growth. Between critical winters of 1981-1982 the experimental grid area lost 77% of its population as compared to 79% and 96% loss for the control grids. Determining the survival rates, the authors used mark-recapture techniques, it was found that probabilities for survivorship in experimental grid (0.79+0.10) were similar to that of contro ...

... which scientists work is more a matter of convention than anything else. In order to determine whether the claim that scientific theory cannot be proven true or otherwise we must first understand what Duhem means by scientific theory. He introduces two possibilities as to the nature of a physical (which we can equate to 'scientific') theory. The first being that it is an explanation of the reality lying behind a group of experimental laws (those that are empirically determined). The second is that a physical theory is simply an abstract system to classify and summarize a group of laws. Taking the first possibility ...

... Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis, though there is some argument as to whether these should be considered varieties rather than species. Most recreationally used cannabis is the result of interbreeding between these three types. The term 'hemp' is generally used to describe low-thc varieties of cannabis, which are grown for industrial uses. The strength of cannabis varies greatly from one variety to another. Some, known as 'one-hit-shit', requires only a single lung-full to reach full effects while other varieties require many hits to achieve the same effects. Additionally, the amount that one individual ...

... ion or loses an electron to form a positively charged ion. As an example of an ionic bond let's used the elements Cl and Na. First, we must understand that there is an attraction between them because one is positive and the other negative and that the Cl atom contains seven valence electrons and Na one. So, as the atoms bond the Na loses its valence electron and Cl gains it making its outer shell complete and it more stable. During this reaction light and heat are given off. This shows an exothermic reaction, which is a release of energy. The electrostatic energy between the two holds them together. Ionic bonds ...

... divided theme into groups of two. I placed theme inside a paper towel which was inside a cup. I water both of the cups and placed one in the closet, where it was dark. The other cup I placed on the ledge, where there was a large amount of light at all times. Each day I provided the seed with the equal amount of water. In this experiment I had one control which was the plant in the dark. Results and conclusion: My hypothesis was correct. As you can see from the data graphs at first the seeds germinated at the same rate until the tip of the radicle broke trough and was visible. Afterwards the seed which was in the l ...

... of genomics. DNA chips are changing the way researchers analyze the genetic make-up of cells, and will soon render traditional pharmaceutical research obsolete. This allows for whole new generations of drugs that will be made to combat diseases by effecting changes in a their specific genetic design. PROBLEM STATEMENT Currently the pharmaceutical industry is a very high risk industry in which fewer than one in ten promising drug products ever makes it through the testing phase and onto the shelves at the local pharmacy. The effect is that the production of a new drug is almost like a guessing game that may or ...

... weapons have been used in warfare, each an atomic bomb dropped on Japanese targets by the United States in World War II. After the war, production of such weapons and the development of a more destructive bomb, the hydrogen bomb, caused worldwide concern. The atomic bomb was a bomb with great explosive force from the sudden release of nuclear energy through the fission, or splitting, of heavy atomic nuclei. The first atomic bomb was tested by the United States near Alamogordo, New Mexico. In the final stages of World War II, the U.S. dropped atomic bombs on Hiroshima and on Nagasaki three days later t ...