... institution of intellectuals. People applied Darwinism and its belief in survival of the fittest to all areas of life. They used it as a “natural law� which supported their actions and beliefs. Advocates manipulated the scientific doctrine to fulfill their personal needs and to justify religious beliefs, capitalism, and military conquests. Darwinism greatly impacted the scientific world purely through its specific doctrine. The enlightenment had paved the way for rational thinking and observation. People were willing to accept scientific data as fact and they were able to objectively consider theories that w ...

... and towns, lumbering, mining, building dams, and draining wetlands all alter the environments so extensively that ecosystems may be completely destroyed. With a burgeoning human population requiring food, shelter, and clothing and constantly demanding more energy-using devices, the temperation to exploit land for human use without regard for consequences is great. Frequently, several forms of environmental change are responsible for the disappearance of species. For example, as tropical forests are cut down, primates have progressively smaller feeding and living spaces. They also become more accessible to hunters, ...

... levels of pollution due to photochemical smog. Some of the consequences are: reduced visibility; bronchitis; blocking of stomata, reducing CO2 absorption; erosion of limestone and sandstone buildings; increased susceptibility to respiratory infections; throat and eye irritation; leaf necrosis, reduced growth and growth abnormalities and drowsiness. Increasing levels of air pollution, particularly particulates from vehicles, are linked to increasing respiratory problems including asthma and this air pollution is thought to cause up to several thousand deaths and up to 20,000 hospital admissions every year. Acid rai ...

... solid or liquid phase, the different solutes will interact with the other phase to differing degrees due to differences in adsorption, ionic strength, polarity or size. These differences allow the mixture components to be separated from each other by using these differences to determine the transit time of the solutes through a column. Simple liquid consists of a column with a fritted bottom that holds a stationary phase in equilibrium with a solvent. Typical stationary phases (and their interactions with solutes) are: solids (adsorption), ionic groups on a resin (ion-exchange), liquids on an inert solid support ...

... versus the amount that flows across the surface, varies depending on factors such as the amount of water already in the soil, soil composition, vegetation cover and degree of slope. Surface runoff eventually reaches a stream or other surface water body where it is again evaporated into the atmosphere. Infiltration, however, moves under the force of gravity through the soil. If soils are dry, water is absorbed by the soil until it is thoroughly wetted. Then excess infiltration begins to move slowly downward to the water table. Once it reaches the water table, it is called ground water. Ground water continues to mo ...

... also have short-term memory, which is activated memory that only holds a few items briefly, things such as the seven digits of a phone number while dialing, before the information is either stored or forgotten, activated human activity memories rapidly decay unless used or rehearsed. Encoding can be an automatic process, this occurs when little or no effort, without awareness, and without interfering with our thinking about other things. Encoding can also be effortful processing; although we encode an enormous amount of information unintentionally, many other types of information we remember only with much eff ...

... these countries pay for the technological secrets or for the actual ingredients for these weapons. One such case is that of Libyan dictator Muammar el-Qaddafi, who "was so fixated by the dream of owning atomic bombs that he allegedly offered to pay India the equivalent of its national debt- nearly $18 billion for the technology." But India refused to sell Qaddafi its technology. Some of the countries that are suspected of having biological warfare programs are unfriendly toward the U.S. Some of these countries are located in the Middle East and some are signatories to the Biological Weapons Convention. This 1972 Bio ...

... concoction imaginable; though most are developed by duplicating and improving what nature has to offer. As long as there are natural discoveries yet to be made, then there are cures only yet to be discovered. A trek to the peak of a snow-capped mountain or an Arctic voyage through glaciers and icy waters are the journeys that most would consider essential to life. Colin Fletcher was one to claim that wilderness is needed: “And when at last I walked on past the two juniper trees toward the far side of the plateau I found I was feeling sorry for any man who was not free to abandon whatever futility detained h ...

... solution to the mind-body problem. In order to examine if computers actually do mimic the human mind then we must first look at the capabilities of the human mind. If one looks closely at the capabilities of the human mind and compares them to the most recent technological advances, then it would be obvious that computers and software are beginning to mimic even the most advanced mental states. In the future, computers will be able to do anything the human mind is capable of thus proving Eliminative Materialism to be a sound solution to the mind-body problem. Most of the day the human mind is taking in informati ...

... 1994. The cost of each attack was estimated at $13, 000. The NSCA (National Computer Security Association) reported in January of 1997 that 200 macro viruses had been discovered. Six months later the amount of macro viruses had risen by over 300%. At this stage it is estimated that 90% of all companies have at least one macro virus resident somewhere in their computer systems. Types of Viruses Under the main heading of viruses are three types of harmful computer programs, not all of which hide and replicate. The first of these is the Trojan Horse programs, the name of which comes from the Greek leg ...