... orbit a central nucleus, composed of protons and neutrons. each electron carries one negative charge and each proton one positive charge. Neutrons carry no charge. Every atom has the same number of electrons as there are protons, so, on the whole, it is electrically neutral. The electrons have discrete kinetic energy levels, which increase with the orbital radius. When atoms bond together to form a solid, the electron energy levels merge into bands. In electrical conductors, these bands are continuous but in insulators and semiconductors there is an "energy gap", in which no electron orbits can exist, between the i ...

... most other living things. (Heath, 110) DNA can also be found outside of chromosomes. It can be found in cell organelles such as plasmids in bacteria, also in chloroplasts in plants, and mitochondria in plants and animals. All DNA molecules contain a set of linked units called nucleotides. Each nucleotide is composed of three things. The first is a sugar called deoxyribose. Attached to one end of the sugar is a phosphate group, and at the other is one of several nitrogenous bases. DNA contains four nitrogenous bases. The first two, adenine and guanine, are double-ringed purine compounds. The others, cytosine and th ...

... behaviors or actions. Patterning is used to interpret past human behavior because the products of human action usually suggest repetitiveness or a pattern of activity that can be discerned by the archaeologist. For example in the Olsen-Chubbuck site in Colorado, a bison graveyard was discovered of 190 bison. The pattern or relationship between the bones and how they were found gives the archaeologist clues as to how the bison were butchered. Some bones were found with spear points in the bodies, some whole skeletons were found closer to the bottom, and some bones were scattered all over. It can be inferred f ...

... and one-half days in it’s year. Mercury doesn’t have an atmosphere, but it does have a thin layer of helium. The helium is actually solar wind that is trapped by Mercury’s weak gravity. Scientists think that collisions with protoplanets early in the history of the solar system may have stripped away lighter materials, making Mercury a very dense planet with an iron core extending outwards 4/5 of the way to the surface. Mercury bares a very similar resemblance to our moon because it has a lot of craters. The craters, which cover seventy-five percent of Mercury’s surface, were formed by huge rocks that sm ...

... included, is the formation of identical twins, triplets, and so on. Identical siblings constitute a clone. The growth of a tumor in the body of an individual is, in effect, the formation of a clone of malignant cells. Humans have learned from nature and started their cloning saga also. In one method of artificial cloning used in plant breeding, cells are cut from a plant and placed in a flask with a nutrient medium. The cells grow and divide, forming embryonic tissues that are transferred to soil, where they produce complete plants. Grafting is another method of cloning used in Horticulture. Matching cuts are made i ...

... sugar to be the food yeast doesn't like and make the least gas. The information that I discovered through this experiment I hope to use to increase my comprehension of baking techniques. Experimentation For the actual experiment, I used four (4) ICB root beer bottles, 4 balloons, yeast and the yeast foods- corn syrup, flour/water, gelatin, and grape juice. The yeast was a solution-6¾ teaspoons of yeast per cup of very warm (105° to 115°) water. Into all four bottles I put four tablespoons (tbsp.) of the yeast solution. Put ½ cup of corn syrup into bottle one, along with the yeast solution. Into ...

... increase in atomic weights. Rather, the properties change gradually through a certain number of elements, called a "period" of elements. Then they repeat, through the next period. To express this, Mendeleev stated the periodic law: The properties of the elements are periodic functions of the atomic weights. provides an easy way to show the division of the elements into acid-forming and base-forming types. Those on the left are base-forming; those on the right are acid-forming. Those in between can be either. They have so-called amphoteric oxides and hydroxides that can act like acids or bases. 's arrangement al ...

... According to DeTienne, "By the end of the decade, as many as 30 million people may constantly be monitored in their jobs" (462). As computer systems become more sophisticated this number will drastically increase. As we enter this new age of technology we must remember that with more power comes more responsibility by employers and employees alike. Micheal J. Smith, a professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison explains that knowledge can be used as a weapon or as a tool (DeTienne 462). For instance monitoring abuse can be found in the in the situation of airline agents. The agents discovered that by keepin ...

... pressure and ocean movements in th equatorial Pacific. The warmer ocean pumps more energy and moisture into the atmosphere and this in turn alters wind and rainfall patterns around the world. The atmospheric cirulation also changes when the sea-surface temperatures in the eastern tropical Pacific rise above normal. In normal, non-El Nino conditions, the trade winds blow towards the west across the tropical Pacific. These winds pile up warm water in the west Pacific, so that the sea surface is about 1/2 meter higher at Indonesia than at Ecuador. The sea surface temperature is about 8 degrees C higher in ...

... operations performed without anesthesia. He became interested in geology and natural history and was not intrigued by his studies of the holy ordge University. He was sent on a trip to explore the world and while he was on this journey, he became enthralled with biology and geology. He made and wrote observations about coral reefs (1842), and volcanic islands (1844), but his greatest biological observations were those pertaining to his theory of evolution. Darwin's findings begin in the Galapagos Islands where he noticed a wide array of finches whose beaks were different sizes. He believed that the physical c ...