... from the continental shelf and exposed the bare rock below. The coasts sank due to the tremendous weight of the ice and when the ice melted the coasts had rebounded or slowly rose. The bare rock had become the new coastline. Other shores had developed from geological events but in a different way. The rocky coast of Hawaii was formed by successive flows of lava into the sea which have not had time to collect sediment. Life on the rocky shores is separated into distinct zones that reflect the length of time each is exposed. At the highest point on the rocks is the black zone, marked by blue-green algae. ...

... created during light reactions. Dark reactions can occur in the absence of light as well as when light is present. The first and most important step of dark reactions, the carbon fixation step, involves rubisco. What happens is that rybluose which contains five carbons takes the carbon in carbon dioxide and makes the six carbon sugar glucose as described in Vodopich's definition. For the first part of our experiment we wanted to observe how using paper chromatography separates pigments. Paper chromatography works since the pigments in plants have different polarities, weights, and sizes. Although, it was hard ...

... objects: quarks, which make up neutrons and protons; leptons, which include electrons and some similar particles; and bosons, or vector mesons, which include the photons seen as light and which carry the electromagnetic force. Some scientists suggest that leptons and quarks may actually be the same object but in different states. Bosons, too, may be this same object but in still another state. The everyday world is made of molecules. Because molecules are so small, their existence was not easy to establish. Indirect evidence for molecules was strong during the second half of the 19th century, and the first ...

... threatening a disruption to the equilibrium between incoming and outgoing energy, and a resulting average global warming." From 1880 to today, by many measurements, the global average temperature has increased by 0.5 Degrees Celsius. Human and ecological systems are already vulnerable to a range of environmental pressures, including climate extremes and variability. Global warming is likely to amplify the effects of other pressures and to disrupt our lives in numerous ways. "Melting icebergs and expanding oceans m ...

... returning to Earth as acid rain, snow, or fog. Who is affected? Basically every one who comes in contact with acid rain is affected. Among one of the serious side effects of acid pollution on humans is respiratory problems. The SO2 and NO2 emmisions give rise to respitory problems such as asthma, dry coughs, headaches, eye, nose and throat irritations. An indirect effect of acid rain on humans is that the toxic metals dissolved in the water are absorbed in fruits, vegetables and in the tissues of animals. Even though these toxic metals do not directly affect the animals, they have serious effects on humans when ...

... and other sedimentary rocks formed creating pressure that squeezed water from peat. As more layers formed the weight and pressure turned the peat into coal" (Hertz 1) There are many types of coal, including anthracite, bituminous, sub-bituminous, and lignite. Anthracite has the highest carbon content, anywhere from 86 to 98 percent. And produces nearly 15,000 Btu's per pound (British Thermal Unit, is the amount of heat needed to raise the temperature of the pound of water one degree Fahrenheit) (Bartow 1) The second type of coal is Bituminous or soft coal. It's the most plentiful type of coal in the States, an ...

... family PHISTOPHORIFORMES which contains five species. These sharks are easy to recongnize due to the fact that they posses an ellongated blade like snout that is lined with sharp teeth along the edges, thus, the name saw sharks. SQUALIFORMES: The order possesses three family which consist of about 82 species. These sharks are characterized by their slender, cylinder-shaped bodies, long snouts with shortened mouths. HEXANCHIFORMES: The Hexanchiformes or cow sharks, comprise of two families. Recognized by their six or seven pairs of gill slits, there sharks can often be found in deep water. The frilled shark ( ...

... paper, I will provide a general overview of coral reefs and examine the alarming depletion of coral and their ecological symbionts in a process known as coral bleaching. As mentioned earlier, coral reefs are among the most diverse and productive of all communities on Earth. They are also the largest biological structures on the planet. The Great Barrier Reef, along the eastern coast of Australia, covers over 2000 kilometers and is said to be visible from the moon (Goreau, 1987). While the size of coral reefs can be enormous, their real impact is on a much smaller scale. Reefs function as food and shelter fo ...

... wind shear defined are those occurring in the takeoff and landing regime (Harpool 2). The key to understanding development of wind shear below the bases of convective clouds is a good knowledge of the characteristics of a typical precipitation-induced downdraft. Not all precipitation-induced downdrafts are associated with critical wind shears. However, there are two types of down drafts that are particularly hazardous to flight operations because of there severity and small size. Professor T. Fulita, an atmospheric scientist from the University of Chicago, coined the term downburst for a concentrated, sever downdr ...

... be beneficial to human beings later on. For example, the newest entry in my paper, and perhaps the one that shocked the whole world, was the report about the first successful clone mammal from non-embryonic cells. This will be helpful in the future for patients waiting for organ transplants. Scientists will be able to clone a fully functional organ, and replace it with the damaged one. The report on the cloning of the human's morphine receptor is advantageous to us because this helps scientists to develop new analgesics. The third section of the paper contains a brief discussion about the advantages and the ...