... material that particular governments might find objectionably. However, all of these ways of communicating on the Internet make up a large and vast system. For inspectors to monitor every e-mail, every article in every Newsgroup, every webpage, every IRC channel, every Gopher site, and every FTP site would be near impossible. Besides taking as extraordinary amount of time and money, attempts to violate freedom of speech, a right that is included in democratic constitutions and international laws (Silencing the Net…). It would be a breach of the First Amendment. The Constitution of the united States of America ...

... responses into the computer, he periodically picks up a cordless phone and places a call to a colleague or associate. As he talks, he sometimes wanders across the room. To be sure, this isn't your ordinary corporate environment. Smith doesn't have a permanent desk or workspace, nor his own telephone. When he enters the ad agency's building, he checks out a portable Macintosh computer and a cordless phone and heads off to whatever nook or cranny he chooses. It might be the company library, or a common area under a bright window. It could even be the dining room or Student Union, which houses punching bags, telev ...

... very earliest existence of the modern day computer's ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago. It is simply a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire according to "programming" rules that the user must memorize, all ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed (Soma, 14). The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first "digital calculating machine". It could only add numbers and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascal's father who was a tax collector (Som ...

... and messing up the files, while the government is trying to prevent the hackers with computer simulations and computer programs. The Colombian Rebel Group ELN is one of the many terrorist groups known to have a web page on the Internet. The ELN is known mainly for blowing up oilrigs in South America, and for kidnapping foreign executives. Two years ago, a Swedish hacker managed to go to London, to Atlanta, and then to Florida where he rerouted and tied up phone lines in each country, put 911 services out of commission, impeded the response of police, fire and rescue services. There are also a lot of cyber attack ...

... of begins at the height of the cold war in the 1960's. People at the Rand Corporation, America's foremost military think tank, were trying to figure out the important strategic problem of how could US authorities talk to each other in the aftermath of a nuclear attack? Communication networks of that time were chained point-to-point, with each place on the network dependent on the link before it. If one point in the network were blown up, the whole network would become useless. Paul Baran, one of the Rand thinkers on the project, conceived the idea for a new kind of communications network that wasn't organized ...

... it will be well worth it in the real world. With so many careers today involving a knowledge of a computer's basic functions, computer literacy plays a big part in job security. If a potential employee comes along demonstrating outstanding computer skills, he or she may take a job that formerly belonged to another employee if that employee doesn't even know how to check his e-mail. A good computer class would teach the basics of computers: typing a document in a word processor, running a specified program, and using a modem to check e-mail and access the Internet. Personal computers now have a tremendous e ...

... tell us how to make it better. Do so by: (The Progress & Freedom Foundation is a not-for-profit research and educational organization dedicated to creating a positive vision of the future founded in the historic principles of the American idea.) Preamble The central event of the 20th century is the overthrow of matter. In technology, economics, and the politics of nations, wealth -- in the form of physical resources -- has been losing value and significance. The powers of mind are everywhere ascendant over the brute force of things. In a First Wave economy, land and farm labor are the main "factors of producti ...

... the process of making calculations for use in science and engineering. Scientists and engineers developed theoretical models of computation that enabled them to analyze how efficient different approaches were in performing various calculations. Computer science overlapped considerably during this time with the branch of mathematics known as numerical analysis, which examines the accuracy and precision of calculations. As the use of computers expanded between the 1950s and the 1970s, the focus of computer science broadened to include simplifying the use of computers through programming languages—artific ...

... at airports not only wastes time and fuel and increases pollution, but constrains mobility to the extent that economic growth and productivity are adversely affected. Increased demand. Between 1980 and 1990, with deregulation and consumer demand for fast inner-city travel leading to lower airline fares, commercial air traffic has increased by 56 percent. Adding to the congestion and delay is increased commuter and regional air traffic. Those short distance flights take valuable landing slots that could be used for larger planes on more profitable, longer flights. With the maglev vehicles the shorter trips excludin ...

... of an industrial robot. Finally after long debate, they came up with the definition: "A reprogrammable, multifunctional manipulator designed to move material, parts, tools or specialized devices, through variable programmable motions, for the performance of a variety of tasks." The key wor ds in their definition are "reprogrammable" and "multifunctional." By "reprogrammable" they mean that if a robot gets a new assignment, it will need new instructions, but its basic structure will not change (except maybe a new mechanical hand). By "multifunctional" they mean a ro ...